Species Quick Facts

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Size & Wingspan

Females are larger — up to 14 lbs with wingspans of 6–7.5 feet. Males are smaller (8–10 lbs). This size difference is called sexual dimorphism and is how observers determined Jackie is female.

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Eggs & Incubation

Typically 1–3 eggs per clutch. Incubation takes about 34–36 days (per Cornell Lab of Ornithology), though Big Bear lay-to-hatch spans have ranged from 37–40 days due to delayed incubation start. Both parents share duties. Eggs are dull white, ~3 inches long. Eagles are compulsive incubators — Jackie once sat for 62 hours straight during an El Niño storm.

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Nests

Eagles are compulsive nest builders. They use the same nest year after year, adding material each season. Nests can grow to 8+ feet wide and weigh over a ton. Big Bear's nest sits in a Jeffrey pine, roughly 145 feet high in a tree that's 160+ feet tall. Jackie and Shadow's nest is about 5×4 feet and estimated to be ~20 years old.

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Diet

Primarily fish, but Big Bear eagles also eat rabbits, squirrels, waterfowl, and carrion. They hunt by soaring high and diving, grabbing prey with talons that can exert 400+ psi of gripping force.

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Lifespan

Wild bald eagles live 20–30 years. The oldest known wild eagle was 38 years old. First-year survival rate is approximately 70% — the most dangerous period is the first year after fledging.

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Vision

Eagle eyesight is 4–5 times sharper than human vision. They can spot a rabbit from over a mile away. Their eyes have two foveal points, allowing them to see both forward and to the side simultaneously.

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Plumage

Bald eagles don't get their iconic white head and tail until age 4–5. Juveniles are mottled brown and often confused with golden eagles. The word "bald" comes from the Old English balde, meaning white.

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Voice

Bald eagle calls are surprisingly weak-sounding — high-pitched whistles and piping notes. The powerful screech heard in movies? That's actually a red-tailed hawk. Hollywood has dubbed the hawk's call over eagle footage for decades, creating one of nature's most persistent myths.

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Flight

Cruising speed of 30–35 mph. Dive speed can reach 100 mph. They can soar for hours using thermals, barely flapping. Eagles have been documented flying at altitudes above 10,000 feet.

Why Big Bear Is Special for Eagles

Big Bear Lake sits at 6,752 feet elevation in the San Bernardino Mountains — making it one of the highest-altitude bald eagle nesting sites in Southern California. This creates unique challenges:

🌨️ Extreme Weather: Spring storms can dump snow and bring freezing temps to the nest when chicks are most vulnerable. Multiple chicks have been lost to storms over the years.

🐟 Food Supply: Big Bear Lake provides excellent fishing year-round, and the surrounding forest is full of rabbits and squirrels. The lake's stocked trout population is a major draw for the eagles.

🏔️ Year-Round Residency: Unlike many bald eagle populations that migrate, Jackie and Shadow are year-round Big Bear residents. This is unusual — most Southern California bald eagles are winter visitors only.

📹 The Camera: First installed in October 2015 under Forest Service permits, with a wide-view second camera added in 2021. The Axis Communications camera features 10× optical zoom, infrared night vision, and a sensitive microphone. It runs entirely on solar + battery power — no external power lines. Camera maintenance requires a specialized biological tree climber due to the 145-foot height.

Bald Eagle Conservation

The bald eagle's recovery is one of America's greatest conservation success stories — from the brink of extinction back to a thriving population.

1782Bald eagle chosen as America's national symbol
1940Bald Eagle Protection Act passed, making it illegal to kill, possess, or sell bald eagles
1963Population drops to just 417 nesting pairs in the lower 48 states due to DDT pesticide
1967Listed as Endangered under early conservation law
1972DDT banned in the United States
2007Removed from the Endangered Species List in August 2007! Population recovered to 10,000+ pairs
2012First bald eagle chick (Jackie!) hatched in Big Bear Valley — historic! Forest Service confirmed no prior recorded active nests
2020Federal survey estimates 316,700 individual bald eagles (>71,400 nesting pairs) in the lower 48 — 4.4× the 2009 estimate

Frequently Asked Questions

Is today's Shadow the same as the chick named Shadow from 2014–15?
No! Plumage analysis revealed that the current Shadow is approximately one year older than the chick from 2014–15. They're completely different birds. The name stuck because early observers assumed it was the same eagle returning to the nest area.
Is Shadow related to Jackie? Are they siblings?
No. Shadow was born elsewhere — his origin is unknown. He's not from Ricky and Lucy's brood. Bald eagles have natural instincts against inbreeding and typically mate with unrelated birds. Jackie and Shadow are not related.
Why do so many eggs not hatch?
Non-viable eggs can result from several factors: extreme cold, shell quality, environmental contaminants, first-time breeding, the age of the parents, or simply genetics. At Big Bear's elevation, the cold is an especially significant challenge. Not all eagle pairs have every egg hatch — it's a natural part of the species' reproductive biology.
Why don't rescuers help when a chick is in danger?
Bald eagles are protected by federal law. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act prohibit disturbing nesting eagles without specific permits. A first BGEPA offense carries up to $100,000 fine (individuals) or $200,000 (organizations) and up to one year imprisonment. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's policy is to let nature take its course unless human interference caused the danger. Approaching the nest could cause the parents to abandon it permanently.
How close can I get to the nest if I visit Big Bear?
Federal law requires staying at least 330 feet from bald eagle nests and roost sites. The U.S. Forest Service enforces a seasonal Gray's Peak Area Closure (Forest Order No. 05-12-52-24-04) around the nest tree, covering the Grout Bay / Gray's Peak vicinity. Violation of BGEPA carries up to $100,000 fine and 1 year imprisonment for a first offense. You can view the eagles from designated viewing areas with binoculars, or watch the live cam from anywhere.
How is the camera powered?
The nest camera runs entirely on solar power with battery backup — no external power lines. The primary camera is an Axis Communications model with 10× optical zoom and infrared illumination for night viewing, plus a highly sensitive microphone. A second wide-view camera was added in 2021. Installation and maintenance requires Forest Service permits and a specialized biological tree climber (the nest is 145 feet up).
What happened to Stormy and Simba?
Stormy (banded #JR1, fledged 2018) and Simba (banded #ZR1, fledged 2019) were both found deceased at other locations in California approximately one year after fledging. Because they were banded, biologists were able to confirm their identities. The first year after fledging is the most dangerous period for young eagles, with a survival rate of about 70%.
Who manages the eagle cam?
The camera is managed by Friends of Big Bear Valley (FOBBV), a local nonprofit, in partnership with the U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. FOBBV is 100% volunteer-run and funded by donations and merchandise sales.
How can I support the eagles?
The best way to support the eagles is through Friends of Big Bear Valley. You can donate directly, purchase eagle merchandise from their store, volunteer at their events, or simply share the live cam with friends and family. Every viewer helps raise awareness of bald eagle conservation.
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